Autosomal DominantOnly one mutant allele must be present for the affected phenotype to be expressed. If an individual is affected they must have a parent who is affected. Males and females have an equal chance of being affected. If a person is normal they have no chance of having an affected offspring unless their mate is affected.
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Autosomal RecessiveLike autosomal dominate, males and females are equally affected. The trait can appear as sporadic. Therefore, just because parents have it doesn’t mean children will have it and just because children are affected doesn’t mean the parents are.
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X-Linked DominantThis would affect both males and females. If given one affected X the offspring will be affected. An affected male will always have affected daughters since the only X he has to give is the affected one. An affected Heterozygous female could have either affected or not affected offspring depending on which X she gives.
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X- Linked RecessiveThis disease never passes from father to son since fathers always give their Y to their son. Males are more likely to be affected then females because females get two X chromosomes; one from their mother and one from their father. If only one X is affected the other one (non-affected one) is able to cover it up. Affected males in the family can attribute it to their mothers who may or may not be affected. A female will be affected if her mother is a carrier and her father is affected.
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Y- LinkedOnly affect Males since they are the only ones with a Y chromosome. Females are not able to be carriers. An affected male will have affected sons.
MitochondrialHumans receive all of their mitochondrial information from their mothers. So if a female is affected with some type of mitochondrial disease then all of her offspring will also be affected. It does not have a gender bias in that sense, but only her daughters are able to pass it on. The daughters will pass it on to all of her offspring while her son will not (unless he marries an affected female).
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