Structures of DNA
5- Carbon Sugar
The five carbon sugar along with the phosphate group make up the backbone of the strand of DNA. The five carbon sugar is also known as deoxyribose sugar. It is made up of five carbons and three sugars. The 5' and 3' ends both have hydroxyl groups that bind to phosphate groups to create the backbone.
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Phosphate Group
This is part of the backbone of the DNA strands. This along with the sugar and the base make up the nucleotides.
Base
There are four different bases; Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine. These different bases only have one other specific base they will bind with. The two different pairings are Adenine with Thymine and Cytosine with Guanine. This is because purines (Thymine and Cytosine) always bind with prymadines (Adenine and Guanine). Prymadines are single ringed while purines are double ringed; this when when they pair the two sides are an equal distance apart. A difference between the two parings is that Adenine and Thymine are bonded together with two hydrogen bonds while Guanine and Cytosine have three hydrogen bonds.